What is Sensory Integration Training?
What are Sensory Integration or Sensory Processing Difficulties?
What happens if the signals coming from our senses are too weak? Or too strong? If our brain over or under reacts to the signals? What about if the brain can't make sense of those signals?
These are examples of sensory processing difficulties. Often, signs of these difficulties are evident in their behaviour. Some individuals may experience the sensory inputs as overwhelming and upsetting. This is what leads to a 'sensory overload'. Others may crave ever more sensory input. Individuals may be over-sensitive to sensory input, under-sensitive, or both. Sensory integration difficulties can contribute to challenges with motor skills, and with more complex planning and organisation tasks.
It's common for all of us to feel under or over-sensitive to sensory inputs. For example, music or bright lights may feel too much if you have a headache. You can feel uncoordinated or find it hard to focus when tired. But these feelings are temporary and wouldn't affect you in the long term. Sensory processing difficulties shape everyday life and learning. It's possible to improve someone's daily functioning with professional advice and appropriate therapy.
Some may have difficulty processing input from one sense (e.g., visual processing). Others may have trouble integrating inputs from more than one sensory system. Note that sensory integration difficulties are different from sensory impairments (e.g., hearing loss). Sometimes the two result in similar behaviours. Someone with perfect hearing can struggle to follow conversations if they have difficulty processing auditory signals.
Our understanding of sensory integration came from studies in the late 1960s and 1970s by Dr A Jean Ayres, an occupational therapist with advanced training in neuroscience and educational psychology, working in the USA. Sensory Integration Therapy is a specific evidence-based SI therapy delivered by trained practitioners.
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1. Sensory Modulation Problems
Sensory modulation refers to the brain's ability to regulate sensory input — tuning in to what is relevant and filtering out what is not. When modulation is less efficient, the brain may over- or under-respond to sensory information. For example, someone who is over-responsive to touch may be very aware of the label in the back of their clothes; someone who is under-responsive to touch may not notice a tap on the shoulder.
People can be over-responsive or under-responsive in any of the sensory systems. They may be over-responsive in one sense and under-responsive in another, or even show both patterns within the same sense. Responsiveness can also depend on the situation — a stressful environment, for example, can make someone more or less aware of sensation than usual.
2. Sensory discrimination and perceptual problems
Sensory discrimination and perceptual problems make it harder to tell the difference between similar sensations or to interpret what they mean. For example, a child may struggle to distinguish between similar sounds in speech, to identify an object by touch alone without looking, or to judge how heavy something is before lifting it. These differences can shape learning, motor skills, and everyday activities. A qualified SI Practitioner can assess which sensory systems are affected and identify appropriate support.
3. Vestibular bilateral functional problems
This pattern involves differences in processing vestibular and proprioceptive information, and can affect balance, posture, bilateral integration (using the two sides of the body together), sequencing, and motor planning. A person may appear clumsy, find it hard to cross the midline of the body, struggle with coordinated actions that need smooth timing — such as running to catch or kick a ball — or find multi-step activities difficult to complete. A qualified SI Practitioner can identify whether the vestibular system is involved and plan support accordingly.
4. Praxis Problems
Praxis is the term for how our brain plans and carries out movements we have not done before. For a child, this might be learning to jump; for an adult, learning to drive or use chopsticks. When sensory information is not processed efficiently, new movements can be much harder to learn — the person may struggle to work out where their body is, or how much force, speed, and direction they need for a new action. Difficulties with praxis are sometimes described as dyspraxia or developmental coordination disorder.
How Common are Sensory Integration Problems?
Sensory integration differences can co-occur with other diagnoses, including autism, ADHD, OCD, genetic syndromes, and learning disabilities. A 2009 study¹ found that around 1 in 6 children had sensory processing issues that made it harder to learn and function in school.
Amongst autistic students and SEN students, the prevalence of sensory integration or processing differences is even higher. Studies have found that many autistic children show differences in sensory behaviours, with estimates often reported in the range of 65–90% depending on the study.² The same research found that 32% of children with special educational needs (who were not autistic) showed definite differences in sensory behaviours.² A 2020 paper³ found that sensory processing differences were associated with aspects of executive and cognitive functioning in autistic children — including inhibitory control, auditory sustained attention, and short-term verbal memory — within a school context.
How does Sensory Integration Training Help?
We can support people with sensory integration difficulties to improve their daily experience. However, people do not grow out of such difficulties.
For many people, small adjustments to their environment can make a huge difference. This can be as simple as the way they can move at school or at work.
We offer a range of sensory integration courses for parents, teachers, and other professionals. These courses help you understand more about sensory integration differences and make work, play, and learning accessible to those affected. For specialist sensory training for teachers, take a look at Sensory Inclusive Schools for dedicated online resources and support.
Sensory Integration Therapy is a plan of intervention devised by a qualified SI Practitioner. This plan aims to improve the integration of sensory information in children and adults. The therapy is highly individualised to the sensory profile of the child or adult. Structured activities with specific sensory input encourage the brain and body to efficiently process and respond to sensations.
Sensory integration therapy should only be carried out by a qualified SI Practitioner. SI Practitioners come from a range of regulated health and social care backgrounds — including occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech and language therapy, psychology, the arts therapies, nursing, and social work — and have completed rigorous postgraduate sensory integration training on top of their core professional qualification.
Qualified SI Practitioners have a detailed understanding of the neuroscience underpinning sensory integration. They have expertise in assessing and intervening for people with sensory integration differences.
SI therapy (or SI interventions) includes structured exposure to several elements. This includes:
- Sensory input
- Movement therapy
- Balance treatments
- Customised physical activities
- Accommodations such as changes to the environment or routine
An SI Practitioner may work with the client, their family, carers, school, other allied health professionals or employer to develop a set of sensory supports tailored to that individual. These supports — a combination of activities and accommodations — can be used at home, at school, or at work to help the person access the sensory input they need.
You can search the SI Practitioners' Register for therapists with sensory integration qualifications. These therapists have qualified via SIE's UK-university-accredited MSc in SI pathway.
Qualify as an SI Practitioner or Advanced Practitioner
We make adding sensory integration therapy skills and knowledge to your practice easy and achievable. Sensory Integration Education offers SI Practitioner and Advanced Practitioner Training for Occupational Therapists, Speech and Language Therapists and Physiotherapists. Practitioner Psychologists (including Clinical and Educational Psychologists), Art Therapists, Drama Therapists, Music Therapists, Nurses, and Social Workers can also train as SI Practitioners and Advanced Practitioners. Teachers and Play Therapists can join us for Module A, our introductory module. Study online and complete mentored clinical practice hours to achieve a Postgraduate Certificate in Sensory Integration.
This award is accredited by the UK's award-winning Sheffield Hallam University. You will also earn Sensory Integration Practitioner status upon completion. Once qualified, you can progress to a Postgraduate Diploma in SI and Advanced Practitioner status. Occupational Therapists, Speech and Language Therapists, and Physiotherapists can also progress to an MSc in Sensory Integration.
FAQ
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Is sensory integration evidence based?
Yes — there is a growing body of research supporting both the theory of sensory processing and integration, and the therapeutic approaches built on it. Notably, the US-based Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, which leads the National Clearinghouse on Autism Evidence and Practice, recognises Ayres Sensory Integration® as an evidence-based practice in its review of interventions for autistic individuals.
Peer-reviewed studies show that clinic-based sensory integration interventions — and Ayres Sensory Integration® in particular — can support children, young people and adults to make progress towards individually meaningful goals. The evidence spans neurodevelopmental conditions, autism, complex developmental trauma, mental health, learning disabilities, and older adult care. For a curated reading list of relevant studies, see the evidence section of our What is Sensory Integration? page.
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What is a Sensory Integration (SI) Practitioner?
An SI Practitioner is a health or social care professional who has undertaken specialist postgraduate study to support people whose sensory processing and integration differences shape their everyday life. Using validated assessment tools and evidence-informed intervention approaches, they build a picture of how an individual takes in, organises and responds to sensory information — and use that picture to plan support around the goals that matter most to that person.
Because the title "SI Practitioner" is not legally protected in the UK, qualifications and course provider matter when choosing a practitioner. SIE-trained practitioners complete a UK university-accredited postgraduate pathway delivered in partnership with Sheffield Hallam University, and are listed on the SI Practitioners' Register.
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What does an SI Practitioner help with?
SI Practitioners work with children, young people and adults whose sensory processing differences shape their participation in everyday activities. Areas of support typically include:
- Heightened or reduced responses to sensory input such as sound, touch, light, smell, or movement
- Coordination, balance, posture, and fine or gross motor skills
- Attention, self-regulation, and engagement in education, work, or community life
- Sensory differences that occur alongside conditions such as autism, ADHD, developmental coordination disorder (DCD), learning disability, attachment, or trauma
Support is highly individualised. A practitioner may combine direct, structured intervention with practical adaptations to the environment, routines or tasks, and will often work collaboratively with families, schools, employers or other professionals to embed sensory-informed strategies into daily life.
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Who can do Sensory Integration Therapy?
Sensory integration therapy should only be carried out by a qualified SI Practitioner — a regulated health or social care professional who has completed rigorous postgraduate training in sensory integration.
Eligible professions include occupational therapists, physiotherapists, speech and language therapists, practitioner psychologists, art therapists, drama therapists, music therapists, nurses, and social workers. You can view the full SI postgraduate entry requirements here.
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Where can I train to become a Sensory Integration Practitioner?
Sensory Integration Education delivers the UK's leading postgraduate pathway in sensory integration, accredited by Sheffield Hallam University. The route runs from Postgraduate Certificate through to MSc level, is delivered entirely online with mentored clinical practice, and is studied by therapists across the UK, Ireland and internationally.
Our courses are designed around best practice, include access to clinical supervision, and are widely regarded as a benchmark for sensory integration education. You can explore the full postgraduate pathway here.
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Can I train in SI if I'm not an OT?
Yes — sensory integration training is open to a range of regulated health and social care professions, not just occupational therapists. Eligible professions include physiotherapists, speech and language therapists, practitioner psychologists, art, drama and music therapists, nurses, and social workers. Full eligibility details are set out in our SI postgraduate entry requirements.
If your profession isn't on that list, there are still meaningful ways to bring a sensory-informed approach into your work, such as the Sensory Inclusion Facilitator Certificate course.
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How long does sensory integration training take?
The time involved depends on the level of qualification you are working towards. SIE's postgraduate pathway is studied part-time and online, so it can be fitted around clinical work:
- Postgraduate Certificate in Sensory Integration (PGCert): typically completed in around a year of part-time study, leading to SI Practitioner status.
- Postgraduate Diploma in Sensory Integration (PGDip): usually a further year of part-time study after the PGCert, leading to SI Practitioner (Advanced) status.
- MSc in Sensory Integration: completed by adding a dissertation module to the PGDip, generally over a further year.
Many therapists choose to step through the pathway one qualification at a time, applying what they learn in practice as they progress. Shorter CPD courses are also available if you would like to develop sensory-informed skills without committing to the full postgraduate route.
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Is sensory integration training worth it?
For most therapists, the answer is yes — though postgraduate SI training is a meaningful commitment of time and study. Graduates consistently tell us it reshapes how they understand, assess and support their clients. SI training extends the range of presentations a clinician can confidently work with, deepens their grasp of the underlying neuroscience, and equips them with assessment tools and intervention approaches that complement their existing professional skills.
There are practical benefits too. Adding sensory integration expertise can open doors to specialist roles in the NHS, education and private practice, support progression into advanced clinical or service-development positions, and provide a strong foundation for independent practice. Whether the training is the right investment for you will depend on your caseload, career goals and the populations you work with — our team are happy to talk it through.
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How much do Sensory Integration Therapists make?
Sensory integration practice is not a standalone profession, but a specialist skill set added to an existing health or social care role. SI Practitioners come from a range of regulated backgrounds — including occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech and language therapy, psychology, the arts therapies, nursing, and social work — and have completed postgraduate training in sensory integration on top of their core qualification.
Earnings therefore vary depending on your core profession, level of experience, sector (e.g. NHS, education, private practice), and geographical location. Many practitioners find that having SI expertise enhances their career opportunities, opens doors to more specialist roles, and supports progression into advanced or independent practice.
About Sensory Integration Practice
Training and Qualifications
References
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¹ Ben-Sasson A, Carter AS, Briggs-Gowan MJ. Sensory over-responsivity in elementary school: prevalence and social-emotional correlates. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2009 Jul;37(5):705-16. doi: 10.1007/s10802-008-9295-8. PMID: 19153827; PMCID: PMC5972374.
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² Green D, Chandler S, Charman T, Simonoff E, Baird G. Brief Report: DSM-5 Sensory Behaviours in Children With and Without an Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016 Nov;46(11):3597-3606. doi: 10.1007/s10803-016-2881-7. PMID: 27475418.
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³ Pastor-Cerezuela G, Fernández-Andrés MI, Sanz-Cervera P, Marín-Suelves D. The impact of sensory processing on executive and cognitive functions in children with autism spectrum disorder in the school context. Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 96, 2020, 103540. ISSN 0891-4222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103540